Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Critical Role in Developing Organoids

In recent years, biomedical research has transcended the limitations of 2D cell culture, paving the way for advanced models that deepen our understanding of developmental biology, disease mechanisms, and the development of more effective tissue-replacement therapies. Leading these advancements are customized 3D cell culture techniques that enable the creation of organ-like structures, commonly known as "organoids." The formation of organoids in vitro was first observed in epithelial cells embedded in extracellular matrix hydrogels. Within these hydrogels, the cells self-organized into tissue structures composed of a diverse cell population.

Further studies revealed that these engineered tissue structures and their cellular components closely resemble natural organ tissues found in vivo.

For example, kidney epithelial cells formed tubular structures. Among various cell types, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) stand out for their exceptional ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body—a trait known as pluripotency—making them the most advantageous cellular foundation for constructing organoids.

Read more about PSCs, their role in developing organoids, and the many emerging and promising applications for organoids.